Comparison between the ion-specific electrode and SPADNS methods for analysis of fluoride concentration in the water supply

The maintenance of adequate fluoride (F) concentration in the public water supply is fundamental for ensuring that the community use of F can reach the maximum benefit for caries control and minimum risk for dental fluorosis. Thus, surveillance systems must use accurate and valid analytical methods to determine F concentration and, according to the literature, give preference to the ion-specific electrode (F- ISE) analysis. Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of the ISE and SPADNS methods in the determination of the F concentration in the same water sample. Methods: Duplicate water samples were taken from 30 sampling sites in the municipality of Maringá, state of Paraná, monthly for 12 months, totaling 276 samples. An aliquot was analyzed by the FOP-UNICAMP Oral Biochemistry laboratory, using the F- ISE method, and the other one, by the SANEPAR laboratory in Maringá/PR, using the SPADNS method. Descriptive analysis and Pearson's correlation test were applied, with a significant level of p<0.05. Results: Results were expressed as ppm F (mg F/L), and a very strong positive correlation (r= 0.91; p<0.001) was detected between the two methods of analysis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the determination of f luoride concentration in water can be made with accuracy by the SPADNS method, a standardized analysis protocol

Oral healthcare management practices in Brazil: systematic review and metasummary

Universal health coverage is a global target included in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals agenda for 2030. Healthcare in Brazil has universal coverage through the Unified Health System (SUS), which guarantees health as basic right to the Brazilian population. Considering the principles of SUS, public oral healthcare management is a huge challenge. Aim: To identify good management practices for quality care adopted by local public oral healthcare managers and teams around Brazil. Methods: This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017051639). Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Lilacs) as well as the reference lists and citations of the included publications were searched according to PRISMA guidelines. Results:A total of 30,895 references were initially found, which were evaluated according to the defined eligibility criteria. Twenty qualitative studies, eight surveys and two mixed-model studies were selected. The practices (codes) were organized into three main groups (families), and the Frequency of the Effect Size (FES) of each code was calculated. Among the 20 codes identified, the most relevant ones were: Diagnosis and Health Planning (FES=80%) and Family Health Strategy(FES=66,7). The Intensity of the Effect Size of each study was also calculated to demonstrate the individual contribution of each study to the conclusions. Conclusion: The evidence emerging from this review showed that healthcare diagnosis, planning, and performance based on the family health strategy principles were the most relevant practices adopted by public oral healthcare managers in Brazil. The widespread adoption of these practices could lead to improved oral healthcare provision and management in Brazil

Indicadores de produção ambulatorial de Cursos de Odontologia do Brasil / Outpatient production indicators of Dentistry Courses in Brazil

A formação do cirurgião-dentista generalista capaz de atuar em diferentes cenários de prática e exercer atividades na área de promoção a saúde, depende de um Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) alinhado às Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para cursos de Odontologia (DCNO). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção clínica de alunos da graduação de cursos de Odontologia de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) públicas brasileiras, no período de 2014 a 2019, por meio da construção de indicadores de procedimentos odontológicos individuais e coletivos. Foram selecionadas por conveniência 8 IES das 5 regiões do Brasil e analisados os procedimentos odontológicos do SIA-SUS de 5 categorias: G1 (Ações de promoção e prevenção), G2 (Procedimentos com finalidadediagnóstica), G3: (Procedimentos clínicos), G4 (Procedimentos cirúrgicos) e G5 (Órteses e próteses). Os indicadores foram construídos considerando a produção anual e o número de vagas ofertadas pela IES. Observou-se grande variação nos valores médios dos indicadores de procedimentos entre as IES avaliadas. A IES B apresentou os maiores valores para G1 (1.511,4) e G3 (892,2), enquanto a IES E, valores inexistentes para G1 e G5. Embora houvesse carga horária no PPP de todas as IES para os grupos de procedimentos estudados, algumas não apresentaram valores registrados de produção nos G1 e G5. Conclui-se que houve uma alta variabilidade na produção clínica de alunos da graduação de curso de Odontologia vinculados ao SUS em procedimentos odontológicos individuais e coletivos, apontando para a necessidade de melhorias nos registros e no monitoramento desses indicadores para melhor formação dos futuros profissionais e qualificação dos serviços prestados (AU).

The training of the general dentist, who is capable of working in different practice scenarios and performing activities in the health promotion area, depends on a Political Pedagogical Project (PPP) aligned with the National Curriculum Guidelines for Dentistry Courses (DCNO in Portuguese).The objective of this study was to evaluate by indicators in the clinical production of undergraduate students in the Dentistry course of the Brazilian public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) from 2014 to 2019. EightHEIs from the 5 Brazilian regions were selected for convenience and the dental procedures of the SIA-SUS of 5 categories were analyzed: G1 (promotion and prevention actions), G2 (procedures for diagnostic purposes), G3: (clinical procedures), G4 (surgicalprocedures) and G5 (orthotics and prosthetic). The indicators were organized considering the annual production and the number of vacancies offered by the HEIs. A great variation was observed in the average values of the procedure indicators among the evaluated HEIs. HEI B presented the highest values for G1 (1,511.4) and G3 (892.2), while HEI E, non-existent values for G1 and G5.Although there is a workload in the PPP of all HEIs for the groups of procedures studied, some did not show recorded productionvalues in G1 and G5. It was concluded that there was high variability in the clinical production of undergraduate dentistry students integrated to Unified Health System (SUS in Portuguese), in individual and collective dentistry procedures, pointing to the need for improvements in the records and monitoring of these indicators for better training of future professionals and qualification of the services provided (AU).

The effect of Brazilian propolis type-3 against oral microbiota and volatile sulfur compounds in subjects with morning breath malodor.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate propolis type-3 mouthrinse effects on the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) and on tongue dorsum microbial profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A three-step double-blind, crossover, randomized study with 10 individuals divided into three groups: I-placebo (P); II-ethanolic extract of propolis type-3 3% (EEP); and III-chlorhexidine 0.12% (CHX) and instructed to rinse twice daily for 5 days. Each experimental period was followed by a 21-day washout interval. Morning mouth breath was assessed by VSC concentrations and microbiological samples were obtained from tongue dorsum at baseline and the end of period of rinses and analyzed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for 39 bacterial species. RESULTS: CHX and EEP presented the lowest VSC concentration when compared with placebo (p < 0.05). Even in the absence of mechanical plaque control, CHX and EEP treatments reduced VSC levels and there were no statistical differences for VSC measurement between CHX and EEP. There was a significant reduction in mean counts of 10 species including some VSC producers (Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia) by EEP. Total counts of organisms, gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species showed a decrease for EEP and CHX (p < 0.05). In addition, no statistical difference was observed between EEP and CHX (p > 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between decrease of bacterial counts and decrease of VCSs concentration for the EEP and CHX. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a 3% propolis type-3 mouthrinse is an effective way to prevent morning bad breath. Thus, propolis may be a promising agent for the treatment of halitosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Propolis type-3 may be used as adjuvant treatment for morning breath malodor.

Association of Oral Health Teams implantation with collective actions and extractions in Paraná State, Brazil. / Associação da implantação de Equipes de Saúde Bucal com ações coletivas e exodontia no Estado do Paraná, Brasil.

This article aims to monitor the indicators of outpatient production of Dentistry and to evaluate the association of collective action and extraction indicators with the number of Oral Health Teams (OHT) between 2006 and 2015 in Paraná. In this longitudinal ecological study, consolidated secondary data were analyzed (collective actions of supervised brushing-SB, topical application of fluoride-TAF, fluoride mouthwash-FM, oral examination for epidemiological purposes-OE and extractions of permanent teeth-EX) from the Ambulatory Information System (SIA-SUS) and OHT numbers from the National Registry System of Health Establishments. Descriptive analyzes and Pearson's correlation were performed, with significance level of p<0.05. It was verified the increase of the OHT implantation over time and a strong positive correlation with collective procedures of SB (r=0.78; p=0.007) and FM (r=0.76; p=0.011) and moderate negative correlation with EX (r=-0.53). It was concluded that the evaluated indicators showed that the implementation of Oral Health Teams may have contributed to changes to the healthcare model, with an increase in preventive collective procedures and reduction of tooth loss in Paraná.

O artigo tem por objetivo monitorar a produção ambulatorial em Odontologia e avaliar a associação de indicadores de ação coletiva e exodontia com o número de Equipes de Saúde Bucal (ESB) entre 2006 e 2015, no Paraná. Neste estudo ecológico longitudinal foram analisados dados secundários consolidados (ações coletivas de escovação supervisionada-ES, aplicação tópica de flúor-ATF, bochecho fluorado-BF, exame bucal com finalidade epidemiológica-EB e exodontia de dente permanente-EXO) do Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial e números de ESB no Sistema de Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e correlação de Pearson, com nível de significância de p<0,05. Verificou-se um aumento de ESB implantadas ao longo do tempo e correlação forte positiva com procedimentos coletivos de ES (r=0,78; p=0,007) e BF (r=0,76; p=0,011) e correlação moderada negativa com EXO (r=-0,53). Conclui-se que os indicadores avaliados demonstraram que a implantação de Equipes de Saúde Bucal pode ter contribuído para mudanças no modelo de atenção, com aumento dos procedimentos coletivos preventivos e redução de perdas dentárias no Paraná.

Avaliação da fluoretação da água de abastecimento público da 15ª Regional de Saúde do Paraná / Assessment of public water supply fluoridation of the 15th Regional Health of Paraná

A fluoretação da água é uma estratégia de saúde coletiva fundamentada no ajuste da concentração de fluoreto na água para se obter o máximo benefício anticárie com o mínimo risco de fluorose dentária. Este trabalho teve como objetivos realizar o heterocontrole do fluoreto nas águas de abastecimento público dos 30 municípios que compõem a 15.ª Regional de Saúde do Paraná, conhecer o processo de fluoretação e sensibilizar gestores e profissionais para a importância e vigilância da fluoretação. Aplicou-se um questionário aos coordenadores de saúde bucal de cada município e foram realizadas coletas de água durante três meses. Apesar de 58% das amostras de água apresentarem a melhor faixa de relação benefício/risco do fluoreto de acordo com a classificação proposta pelo CECOL/USP, poucos municípios fazem sistematicamente o monitoramento e a avaliação da concentração de fluoreto nas águas. (AU)

Water fluoridation is a collective health strategy based on adjusting the fluoride concentration in water to obtain the maximum anti-caries benefit with the minimum risk of dental fluorosis. This study aimed to carry out the heterocontrol of flouride in the public water supply of the 30 municipalities that make up the 15th Health Region of Paraná, to understand the fluoridation process and to sensitize managers and professionals to the importance and surveillance of fluoridation. A questionnaire was applied to the oral health coordinators in each municipality and water collections were carried out for three months. Although 58% of the water samples present the best F benefit/risk range for fluoride according to the classification proposed by CECOL/USP, few municipalities systematically monitor and evaluate the flouride concentration in water. (AU)

Acolhimento e humanização da atenção aos haitianos: uma ação interprofissional / User embracement and humanization of care for Haitians: an interprofessional action / Acogimiento y humanización de la asistencia a los haitianos: una acción interprofesional

Imigração é um assunto que tem recebido atenção nos últimos anos, cerca de 774.000 imigrantes foram registrados até o ano de 2018, e dentre as nacionalidades mais frequentes está a haitiana. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar o aperfeiçoamento da atenção odontológica ao paciente haitiano e melhoria no acesso à Unidade de Básica de Saúde por meio de tradução dos termos odontológicos. Inicialmente foi realizado o reconhecimento territorial da área de abrangência da UBS, onde constatou-se que a Unidade Básica de Saúde assistia 470 imigrantes haitianos. A equipe elaborou e distribuiu a população cartilhas e panfletos para que a população em geral conhecesse sobre a cultura haitiana, simultaneamente realizou-se a tradução fichas de agendamento, anamnese, placas de identificação do consultório e de normas de segurança além de uma ficha de auto percepção do paciente sobre sua saúde bucal, sendo que estas foram aplicadas durante os atendimentos clínicos. Após seis meses foi realizado um levantamento com imigrantes e profissionais de saúde e constatou-se que à partir desta experiência houve redução significativa da barreira de comunicação, e consequentemente houve melhora no acolhimento dos pacientes. O aperfeiçoamento dos serviços e a adequação dos servidores foi de extrema importância para melhorar o contato entre profissionais da saúde e imigrantes, além da formação interprofissional, e fortalecimento da integração ensino-serviço-comunidade. (AU)

Nowadays immigration has been received much attention, circa of 774,000 immigrants has been registered until 2018, and one of the most frequently nationality registered is the Haitian. The aim of this study is to report the improvement of dental care and access to the Health Basic Unit to Haitian patients. At first, we did a territorial recognition, and verified that the Health Basic Unit assisted 470 Haitian immigrants. The team elaborated and distributed flyers to the general population containing informations about Haitian culture, and translated to Haitian dialect, schedule sheets, anamneses sheets, identification e security plates, and oral health self-perception sheets, and applied them to the dental consultations. After six months through an interview with immigrants and health team, we verified that from this experience promoted significant communication barrier reduction, and improvement of embracement of patients. The development of health services and health team was important to improve the professional-patient relationship, promoted interprofessional training and teaching-service-community strengthening. (AU)

La inmigración es un tema que ha recibido atención en los últimos años, alrededor de 774,000 inmigrantes se registraron hasta 2018, y una de las nacionalidades más frecuentes es la haitiana. El objetivo de este estudio fue informar la mejora de la atención dental para pacientes haitianos y un mejor acceso a la Unidad Básica de Salud a través de la traducción de términos dentales. Inicialmente, se realizó el reconocimiento territorial del área de cobertura de la UBS, donde se descubrió que la Unidad Básica de Salud asistió a 470 inmigrantes haitianos. El equipo preparó y distribuyó los folletos y folletos de la población para que la población en general pudiera aprender sobre la cultura haitiana, al mismo tiempo que se llevó a cabo la traducción de las hojas de programación, anamnesis, identificación de la oficina y placas de seguridad y un formulario de registro de automóviles. percepción del paciente sobre su salud bucal, que se aplicaron durante la atención clínica. Después de seis meses, se realizó una encuesta con inmigrantes y profesionales de la salud y se descubrió que a partir de esta experiencia hubo una reducción significativa en la barrera de comunicación y, en consecuencia, hubo una mejora en la recepción de pacientes. La mejora de los servicios y la adecuación de los funcionarios públicos fue extremadamente importante para mejorar el contacto entre los profesionales de la salud y los inmigrantes, además de la capacitación interprofesional y el fortalecimiento de la integración de la enseñanza-servicio-comunidad.

System dynamics modeling for tooth decay treatment in Brazilian children.

Prevention and health promotion are considered important strategies to control oral diseases. Dental caries is preventable disease and remains the most common chronic disease that affects mainly low income children and still considered the main cause of tooth loss in adulthood in Brazil. The aim of this study is to present a System Dynamics model (SDM) specifically developed with the Stella Architect software to estimate the cost and clinical hours required to control the evolution of dental caries in preschool children in Maringá, Brazil. Two main strategies to control caries were considered in the model: the application of fluoride varnish on teeth presenting white spots, and the use of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) in cavitated carious lesions without pulp involvement. The parameters used in the model were: number of people covered by a local oral health team = 4,000; number of children up to 5 years = 7% of the population; children's decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft) index = 2.4; time/cost of 4 applications of fluoride varnish = 5 minutes/US$ 0.716; and time/cost of each ART restoration = 15 minutes/US$ 1.475. The SDM generated an estimated total cost of US$698.00, and a total of 112 clinical hours to treat the population in question. The use of the SDM presented here has the potential to assist decision making by measuring the material and human resources required to prevent and control dental caries at an early age.

Prevalência e severidade da cárie dentária em escolares do Ensino Fundamental de um município vulnerável / Prevalence and severity of dental caries in elementary school students in a vulnerable municipality

Resumo Introdução A cárie dentária ainda é um problema de saúde pública na maioria dos países industrializados, com maior prevalência nas populações mais vulneráveis socioeconomicamente. Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência e a severidade da cárie dentária, e as ações curativas realizadas em escolares de 6 a 14 anos do Ensino Fundamental durante quatro meses de intervenção. Material e método Estudo transversal foi realizado com 130 escolares do município de Sarandi-PR. Para o diagnóstico da cárie dentária, foram utilizados os índices ceo-d, CPO-D e ICDAS II. Os escolares receberam atendimento curativo de acordo com as necessidades apresentadas, associado a atividades educativas preventivas. Resultado A prevalência de cárie dentária foi de 70% e 83%, segundo os índice ceo-d/CPO-D e ICDAS II, respectivamente. Os códigos referentes ao ICDAS II com maior prevalência foram ICDAS 5 e 6 (1,57% e 3,69%, respectivamente), enquanto o código 4 foi o de menor prevalência (0,30%). A maioria dos tratamentos restauradores foi realizada pela técnica de Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (ART) (150 restaurações). Foram realizadas 90 aplicações de verniz fluoretado em lesões iniciais de cárie. Os tratamentos de maior complexidade foram encaminhados para a Unidade Básica de Saúde do município. Dos 32 escolares referenciados, 21 compareceram e nestes foram realizados tratamentos endodônticos e exodontias de dentes decíduos e permanentes. Conclusão A população estudada apresenta prevalência alta de cárie e, após quatro meses de intervenção, observou-se que o ART foi resolutivo para a maioria das necessidades de tratamento (59,2%), apresentando-se como uma estratégia eficiente que pode ser implementada em locais que não oferecem a estrutura de um consultório odontológico.

Abstract Introduction Dental caries is still a public health problem in most industrialized countries, with a higher prevalence in the most socioeconomically vulnerable populations. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of dental caries and curative actions performed in students from 6 to 14 years of elementary school during four months of intervention. Material and method Cross-sectional study was conducted with 130 students from Sarandi / PR. To diagnose dental caries, dmft, DMFT and ICDAS II indices were used. The students received curative care according to the needs presented associated with preventive educational activities. Result The prevalence of dental caries was 70% and 83% according to the ceo-d / CPO-D and ICDAS II index, respectively. The codes for ICDAS II with thw highest prevalence were ICDAS 5 and 6 (1.57% and 3.69% respectively), while Code 4 was the least prevalent (0.30%).Most restorative treatments were performed by the ART technique (150 restorations). Ninety applications of fluoride varnish were performed on initial carious lesions. The most complex treatments were referred to the Basic Health Unit of the municipality. Of the 32 students referred, 21 attended and endodontic treatments and primary and permanent teeth extraction were performed. Conclusion The studied population has a high prevalence of caries and after four months of intervention, it was observed that ART was decisive for most treatment needs (59.2%), presenting itself as an efficient strategy that can be implemented in places that do not offer the structure of a dental office.

System dynamics modeling for tooth decay treatment in Brazilian children

Abstract Prevention and health promotion are considered important strategies to control oral diseases. Dental caries is preventable disease and remains the most common chronic disease that affects mainly low income children and still considered the main cause of tooth loss in adulthood in Brazil. The aim of this study is to present a System Dynamics model (SDM) specifically developed with the Stella Architect software to estimate the cost and clinical hours required to control the evolution of dental caries in preschool children in Maringá, Brazil. Two main strategies to control caries were considered in the model: the application of fluoride varnish on teeth presenting white spots, and the use of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) in cavitated carious lesions without pulp involvement. The parameters used in the model were: number of people covered by a local oral health team = 4,000; number of children up to 5 years = 7% of the population; children's decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft) index = 2.4; time/cost of 4 applications of fluoride varnish = 5 minutes/US$ 0.716; and time/cost of each ART restoration = 15 minutes/US$ 1.475. The SDM generated an estimated total cost of US$698.00, and a total of 112 clinical hours to treat the population in question. The use of the SDM presented here has the potential to assist decision making by measuring the material and human resources required to prevent and control dental caries at an early age.

Diacetylcurcumin: a new photosensitizer for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in Streptococcus mutans biofilms.

This study evaluated the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on S. mutans using diacetylcurcumin (DAC) and verified DAC toxicity. In vitro, S. mutans biofilms were exposed to curcumin (CUR) and DAC and were light-irradiated. Biofilms were collected, plated and incubated for colony counts. DAC and CUR toxicity assays were conducted with Human Gingival Fibroblast cells (HGF). In vivo, G. mellonella larvae were injected with S. mutans and treated with DAC, CUR and aPDT. The hemolymph was plated and incubated for colony counts. Significant reductions were observed when DAC and CUR alone were used and when aPDT was applied. HGF assays demonstrated no differences in cell viability for most groups. DAC and CUR reduced the S. mutans load in G. mellonella larvae both alone and with aPDT. Systematic toxicity assays on G. mellonella demonstrated no effect of DAC and CUR or aPDT on the survival curve.

Profile of victims of accidents with biological material in a course of Dentistry / Perfil das vítimas de acidentes com material biológico em um curso de Odontologia

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the epidemiological profile of accidents with biological material occurring in the dental clinic of a university in the southern region of the country. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study, which analyzed the reports of the Epidemiological Surveillance (SINAN) that occurred between March 2013 and December 2016. We analyzed the demographic variables and data related to the notification of accidents with biological material in the SINAN file, such as: age, sex, race, occupation (student, teacher, oral health technician, residents), time and place of occurrence of the accident, agent causing the perforation, total or partial use of PPE (personal protective equipment) at the time of accident, contact with organic material, contact agent and up-to-date vaccination against hepatitis B and treatment withdrawal. The data obtained were analyzed in EpiInfo Software. Statistical analysis included descriptive and inferential analysis, with significance level of p?0.05 and confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Results: In total there were 55 reports of accidents with piercing-cutting materials, of which 12 were men (21.82%) and 43 were women (78.18%). The mean age of the sample population was 24.2 (± 6.3) years. Regarding the occupation, 80% (n = 44) were undergraduate students, 12.72% were residents, 5.45%, teachers and 1.82%, oral health technicians. The majority (61.8%) were perforated during the dental procedure, 21.82% during material washing and 16.36% during surgery, but 20% claimed that they did not use any personal protective equipment. Regarding the organic material, there was a high prevalence of contact with blood, 70.9%, the needle was the main agent (n = 26; 47.3%). Still, 3.7% stated that they were not vaccinated against hepatitis B. In the bivariate analysis, the site of the accident was associated with the use of personal protective equipment (p = 0.01). Conclusion: The results showed that the number of incidents is high and can be attributed to several factors, such as lack of experience of students and the non-use of personal protective equipment. As a result, it is necessary to establish a permanent education program focused on education and accident prevention strategies to minimize these problems.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes com material biológico ocorridos na clínica odontológica de uma universidade na região sul do país Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal, retrospectivo, analisando as notificações da Vigilância Epidemiológica (SINAN) ocorridas entre março de 2013 a dezembro de 2016. Foram analisadas as variáveis demográficas e os dados referentes a notificação de acidentes com material biológico contidas na ficha do SINAN, tais como: idade, sexo, raça, ocupação (estudante, professor, técnico em saúde bucal, residentes), momento e local da ocorrência do acidente, agente causador da perfuração, uso total ou parcial de EPI no momento do acidente, contato com material orgânico, agente do contato e vacinação em dia contra hepatite B e abandono do tratamento. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo Software EpiInfo. A análise estatística incluiu a análise descritiva e inferencial, com nível de significância de p?0,05 e intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados: No total houve 55 notificações de acidentes com materiais pérfuro-cortantes, sendo doze homens (21,82%) e 43 mulheres (78,18%). A idade média da população amostral era de 24,2 (±6,3) anos. Quanto à ocupação, 80% (n=44) eram estudantes de graduação, 12,72% residentes, 5,45% professores e 1,82% técnico em saúde bucal. A maioria (61,8%) se perfurou durante o procedimento odontológico, 21,82% durante a lavagem dos materiais e 16,36% durante uma cirurgia, porém 20% alegaram que não utilizavam o equipamento de proteção individual. Em relação ao material orgânico, houve grande prevalência do contato com o sangue 70,9%, sendo a agulha o principal agente (n=26; 47,3%). Ainda, 3,7% afirmaram não estavam vacinados contra hepatite B. Na análise bivariada, o local do acidente esteve associado com o uso do equipamento de proteção individual (p=0,01). Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que o número de incidentes é elevado e podem ser atribuídos a diversos fatores, como a falta de experiência dos estudantes e a não utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual. Em decorrência disso, é necessário estabelecer um programa de educação permanente focado em estratégias de educação e prevenção de acidentes para minimizar esses agravos.

Avaliação da solubilidade e sorção em água de alguns materiais restauradores diretos / Evaluation of solubility and sorption in water of some direct restorative materials

Resumo Introdução A solubilidade e sorção dos materiais restauradores são considerados fatores críticos, pois podem interferir na qualidade e durabilidade das restaurações. Objetivo Avaliar a solubilidade e sorção de água de alguns materiais restauradores. Material e método Foram confeccionados quatorze espécimes de cada um dos seguintes materiais: Equia® Forte, Z100, Fuji IX/ e Vidrion R, os quais foram levados a uma dessecadora e pesados diariamente até estabilização. Em seguida, foram inseridos em recipientes individuais contendo 40 mL de água destilada cada e divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o tempo de armazenagem: 7 ou 30 dias. Ao final de cada período, os espécimes foram retirados da água, pesados, levados à dessecadora e pesados novamente até estabilização. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando os testes ANOVA 2 critérios e Tukey. Resultado Com exceção do Equia® Forte e Z100, os demais materiais, apresentaram uma variação significativa da solubilidade ao longo do tempo. Quanto à sorção, observa-se que apenas o material Z100 não apresentou diferença significativa em relação ao tempo de armazenagem, mas, na comparação entre os materiais, todos apresentaram diferenças significativas em ambos os períodos. Conclusão Após os períodos de armazenagem de 7 e 30 dias em água, os materiais restauradores Equia® Forte e Z100 não apresentam variação significativa da solubilidade, sendo mais estáveis que os materiais Fuji IX e Vidrion R. Os materiais à base de ionômero de vidro, Equia® Forte, Fuji IX e Vidrion R, sofrem mais sorção em água quando comparados ao material Z100 em ambos os períodos.

Abstract Introduction The solubility and sorption parameters of restorative materials are considered critical factors since they may interfere with the quality and durability of restorations. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the solubility and water sorption of some restorative materials. Material and method Fourteen specimens were made (10.0 mm x 2.0 mm) of each of the following material: Equia® Forte, Z100, Fuji IX/ e Vidrion R, then taken to a desiccator and weighed daily until stabilized. They were then placed in individual containers with 40mL of distilled water each and divided into two groups according to the storage time: 7 or 30 days. At the end of each period, the specimens were removed from the water, weighed, taken to the desiccator and weighed again until stabilized. The results were analyzed statistically with two-way ANOVA and Tukey. Result Except for Equia® Forte and Z100, the other materials presented a significant variation of solubility over time. As for sorption, it was noticed that only Z100 presented no significant difference in relation to the storage time, but in comparison of the materials, all had significant differences in both 7 and 30 days periods. Conclusion After storage periods of 7 and 30 days in water, the restorative materials Equia® Forte and Z100 do not present significant variation of solubility, being more stable than the materials Fuji IX and Vidrion R. The glass ionomer-based materials, Equia® Forte, Fuji IX and Vidrion R, suffer more sorption in water when compared to Z100 material in both periods.

Influence of maternal confidence on exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age: a systematic review. / Influência da autoconfiança materna sobre o aleitamento materno exclusivo aos seis meses de idade: uma revisão sistemática.

Breastfeeding is a practice directly related to the health of the mother and especially the baby. Despite being a natural process, many mothers report difficulties with breastfeeding. This study aimed to seek scientific evidence on the issue: "Can a mother with more confidence in breastfeeding exclusively breastfeed her baby for 06 months?". We conducted a systematic review with a search in five electronic databases, and included four cohort studies for evaluation. We conducted a qualitative analysis of the results, considering the methodological differences and lack of data, and were unable to perform meta-analysis. Confidence in breastfeeding was evaluated by using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. The studies analyzed showed statistically significant association between the practice of breastfeed and confidence in breastfeeding. The application of a scale to evaluate trust and identify mothers at risk for early weaning appeared to be a reliable measurement tool, capable of facilitating action planning by health professionals. The evidence showed association between mothers with higher levels of confidence in breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, but these results could not be generalized because of the heterogeneity of the population.

A amamentação é uma prática diretamente relacionada com a saúde da mãe e, principalmente, do bebê. Apesar de ser um processo natural, muitas mães relatam dificuldades. Este estudo objetivou buscar evidências científicas sobre a questão: "Mãe com mais confiança consegue amamentar exclusivamente por 6 meses?". Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com busca em 5 bancos de dados eletrônicos, que resultou na inclusão de 4 estudos de coorte para avaliação. Realizou-se uma análise qualitativa dos resultados, porém não foi possível fazer a meta-análise. Autoconfiança em amamentar foi avaliada pela escala "Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale". Os estudos analisados mostraram que há associação estatística significante entre aleitamento materno exclusivo e autoconfiança em amamentar. A utilização da escala parece ser uma ferramenta confiável para identificar mães em risco para desmame precoce, facilitando o planejamento de ações pelos profissionais em saúde. As evidências obtidas mostraram a associação entre mães com maior confiança em amamentar e a amamentação exclusiva por 6 meses, porém estes resultados não podem ser generalizados devido à heterogeneidade das populações.

Heterocontrole da fluoretação da água de abastecimento público da 15ª Regional de Saúde do Paraná / Heterocontrol of fluoridation of public water supply 15 th Health Region (state of Paraná, Brazil)

Objetivou-se conhecer o processo de fluoretação das águas de abastecimento público e realizar o heterocontrole do fluoreto nas águas dos 30 municípios que compõem a 15ª Regional de Saúde do Paraná. Um questionário contendo dados relativos a fluoretação dos municípios foi aplicado e cinco coletas de água em Unidades Básicas de Saúde ou poços artesianos foi realizado em todos esses municípios, no período de 12 meses. Dos 30 municípios que compõem esta regional, em 77% dos municípios a água utilizada é proveniente de poços, 77% relatam ter água fluoretada e 40% dos municípios realizaram levantamento epidemiológico para fluorose dental. Das 335 amostras de água, 79,5% foram classificadas como máximo benefício contra cárie e mínimo risco para fluorose dentária. Conclui-se que apesar da maioria dos municípios pesquisados realizarem a fluoretação das águas de abastecimento, o heterocontrole não é prática comum nos mesmos. (AU)

The objective of this study was to know the process of fluoridation of the public water supply, and to perform the heterocontrol of fluoride in the waters of 30 municipalities of the 15th Regional Department of Health of Paraná. A questionnaire containing data on fluoridation in the municipalities was applied, and five water collections in Basic Health Units, or in artesian wells, were carried out in all these municipalities, in a period of 12 months. Of the 30 municipalities composing this regional department, 77% use water from wells, 77% reported having fluoridated water, and 40% carried out an epidemiological survey for dental fluorosis. Of the 335 water samples, 79.5% were classified as the maximum benefit against dental decays, and minimal risk for dental fluorosis. It is concluded that most of the cities surveyed perform fluoridation of water supply, but heterocontrol is not a common practice. (AU)

Práticas de educação em saúde para a prevenção da cárie dentária: um estudo qualitativo com cirurgiões-dentistas / Health education practices for the prevention of dental caries: a qualitative study

O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar a percepção de cirurgiões-dentistas de serviços públicos da Atenção Básica de uma regional de saúde do Paraná, quanto às práticas de educação em saúde para a prevenção da cárie dentária, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas, baseadas em um roteiro semiestruturado. A transcrição das gravações foi realizada de forma manual e o conteúdo categorizado segundo o método da análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Os resultados apontaram que, nesse contexto, os cirurgiões-dentistas realizam práticas de educação em saúde por meio de ações de transmissão de informação, demonstração, motivação, monitoramento e comunicação. Conclui-se que os profissionais pesquisados demonstraram entendimento da importância da motivação e da persistência para um resultado eficaz do processo educativo, porém foi possível perceber diferentes graus de entendimento do processo educativo (AU).

The objective of this study was to identify the perception of dental surgeons on public services of Primary Care at Regional Health Service, in Paraná, regarding health education practices for dental caries prevention, through a qualitative research. Interviews were conducted, based on semi-structured script. Recordings transcription was manually performed. The content was categorized according to the Method of Content Analysis proposed by Bardin. The results pointed out that, in this context, dentists perform health education practices through information transmission, demonstration, motivation, monitoring and communication. It is concluded that the studied professionals demonstrated to understand the importance of motivation and persistence for an educational process effective result, however it was possible to perceive different education to process of understanding (AU).

Antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy using erythrosine/methylene blue combination on Streptococcus mutans biofilm.

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has demonstrated promising results in the treatment of several clinical pathologies through the photochemical reaction caused by the combination of a photosensitizer and a light source. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the combination of the photosensitizers (PSs) erythrosine/methylene blue activated by a white halogen light device on Streptococcus mutans biofilm. METHODS: Two separate experiments were conducted, the first using the PSs at the concentration of 100 µM, and the second 250 µM. The PSs were tested on S. mutans biofilms cultured for 24 h in isolation, in combination, with and without light activation for 2 min fractionated in 4 periods of 30 s. After treatment, biofilms were diluted and plated on BHI medium and incubated for 24 h for colony forming units (CFU) counting. The results (log10) were analyzed with ANOVA followed by Tukey test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The erythrosine/methylene blue combination activated by white halogen light at 100 and 250 µM, and erythrosine at 250 µM, methylene blue at 250 µM presented significantly reduced cell counts (3.2 log10, 5.3 log10, 4.5 log10, 4.3 log10, respectively) when compared to controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PDT with the combination of erythrosine/methylene blue demonstrated better results that the PSs in isolation regardless of the concentration. The use of this combination at the concentration of 250 µM shows promise as an antibacterial treatment for carious lesions and should be further assessed.

Exploring factors influencing dental caries preventive measures by general dental practitioners in the public oral health care service in Paraná State, Brazil / Explorando fatores que influenciam na prevenção da cárie dentária no atendimento odontológico do serviço público do Estado do Paraná, Brasil

This study aimed to explore the views of dentists working for the Brazilian health system, in regards to the prevention of dental caries. Semi-structured face to face interviews were held with 18 dentists working in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Data was recorded, manually transcribed and analyzed with a software, based content analysis. Results revealed 13 factors favoring prevention, of which 4 were considered new emerging factors, not previously described in the literature. Among the main factors to influence caries prevention were: the preventive conscientiousness of dentists, professional training received and the organization of the service. The results found indicated that the implementation of prevention depends on several factors such as the training received by dental students, changes in the public dental care provided by expanding the Family Health Strategy and changes in clinicians' attitudes towards prevention through more effective public policies involving the community (AU).

A cárie é a doença crônica mais comum na infância e leva a perdas dentárias ao longo da vida. Entretanto, a percepção dos cirurgiõesdentistas (CDs) quanto sua prevenção, ainda é pouco explorada. O objetivo do estudo foi explorar as percepções dos CDs que trabalham no Sistema Único de Saúde, no que diz respeito à prevenção da cárie dentária, contribuindo para políticas públicas efetivas, a partir da identificação dos fatores que levam os CDs a uma maior conscientização preventiva. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 18 CDs atuantes nos municípios do Paraná. As entrevistas foram realizadas face a face, conduzidas por um roteiro e gravadas. A transcrição foi realizada de forma manual e analisada segundo o método de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram treze fatores facilitadores à prevenção, sendo quatro deles fatores emergentes, não descritos anteriormente pela literatura. Dentre os principais fatores que influenciam a prevenção da cárie: consciência preventiva dos CDs, formação acadêmica do profissional e organização do serviço. Assim, a implementação da prevenção depende de vários fatores, como a formação recebida por estudantes de Odontologia, mudanças no atendimento público odontológico e nas condutas adotadas pelos CDs e políticas públicas efetivas que envolvam a comunidade (AU).

Survival analysis of ART restorations in primary molars of preschool children: 1 year follow-up / Análise de sobrevivência de restaurações ART em molares decíduos de crianças com idade pré-escolar: acompanhamento de 1 ano

Among the minimally invasive approaches available today, the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) has demonstrated promising results both in the primary and permanent dentition. Objective: To evaluate the survival of Class I ART restorations in preschoolers with two Brazilian brands of glass ionomer cements (GIC) in comparison with a reference GIC. Material and method: The cavities of 49 preschool children (three to five years) with carious lesions in the posterior teeth (N=81) were filled by two experienced pediatric dentists according to the ART technique. The Brazilian GICs Maxxion-R (MR) and Vitro-Fil LC (VF), and the reference GIC Ketac-Molar (KM) were placed in a randomly pre-established sequence. Restorations were evaluated after 6 and 12 months by another investigator. Scores 0 and 1 were considered successful, while scores 3-9 were classified as failures. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test were performed (p<0.05). Result: No statistically significant differences in survival rates of the tested GIC were observed after 12 months. Conclusion: The clinical performance the low-cost Brazilian GICs MR and VF observed after 12 months suggests that they may be an alternative for Class I ART restorations to safeguard the natural exfoliation of primary teeth. However, until further studies involving a larger number of restorations and longer follow-up periods are conducted, reference GIC such as KM should continue to be the material of choice for ART restorations.

Dentre as abordagens minimamente invasivas atualmente disponíveis, o tratamento restaurador atraumático (ART) demonstra resultados promissores tanto na dentadura decídua quanto permanente. Objetivo: Avaliar a sobrevivência de restaurações ART Classe I, em pré-escolares, com duas marcas brasileiras de cimentos de ionômeros de vidro (CIV) em comparação com um CIV de referência. Material e método: Cavidades de 49 crianças pré-escolares (três a cinco anos de idade) com lesões cariosas nos dentes posteriores (N = 81) foram preenchidas por dois odontopediatras experientes, de acordo com a técnica ART. Os CIV brasileiros Maxxion-R (MR) e Vitro-Fil LC (VF) e o CIV de referência, Ketac-Molar (KM), foram inseridos em uma sequência pré-estabelecida aleatoriamente. As restaurações foram avaliadas após 6 e 12 meses por outro pesquisador. As pontuações 0 e 1 foram consideradas bem-sucedidas, enquanto as pontuações 3-9 foram classificadas como falhas. Foram aplicadas a análise de sobrevivência de Kaplan-Meier e o teste log-rank (p <0,05). Resultado: Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas taxas de sobrevivência dos CIV testados após 12 meses. Conclusão: O desempenho clínico dos CIV brasileiros MR e VF, observado após 12 meses, sugere que estes podem ser uma alternativa para restaurações ART Classe I para proteger a esfoliação natural dos dentes decíduos. No entanto, até que sejam realizados estudos adicionais envolvendo um maior número de restaurações e períodos de acompanhamento mais longos, os CIV de referência, como o KM, devem continuar sendo o material de escolha para as restaurações ART.